Aquatic Toxicology/  Ecological Risk Assessment & Ecotoxicological Modelling/
Metallothioneins in Aquatic Invertebrates/  Aquatic Ecology & Ecophysiology/
Environmental Quality Monitoring/  Others

Aquatic Toxicology
• Worboys, M.A., Leung, K.M.Y.*, Grist, E.P.M., Crane, M. (2002). Time should be considered in developmental ecotoxicity tests. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45: 92-99.

• Morley, N.J.*, Leung, K.M.Y., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2003). Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to Parorchis acanthus (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) encystment. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 54: 55-60.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Morley, N.J., Grist, E.P.M., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2004). Chronic toxicity of tributyltin on development and reproduction of the hermaphroditic snail Physa fontinalis: Influence of population density. Marine Environmental Research 58: 157-162.

• Morley, N.J.*, Leung, K.M.Y., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2004). Toxicity of anti-fouling biocides to encysted metacercariae of Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) and their snail hosts. Chemosphere 56: 353-358.

• Kwok, K.W.H., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2005). Toxicity of antifouling biocides to the intertidal harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus (Crustacea, Copepoda): effects of temperature and salinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51: 830-837.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Grist, E.P.M., Morley, N.J., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2007). Chronic toxicity of tributyltin to development and reproduction of the European freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Chemosphere 66: 1358-1366.

• Raisuddin, S., Kwok, K.W.H., Leung, K.M.Y., Schlenk, D., Lee, J.S.* (2007). The copepod Tigriopus: a promising marine model organism for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics. Aquatic Toxicology 83: 161-173.

• Lau, M.C., Chan, K.M., Leung, K.M.Y., Luan, T.G., Yang, M.S., Qiu, J.W.* (2007). Acute and chronic toxicities of tributyltin to various life stages of the marine polychaete Hydroides elegans. Chemosphere 69: 135-144.

• Kwok, K.W.H.*, Leung, K.M.Y., Bao, V.W.W., Lee, J.S. (2008). Copper toxicity in the marine copepod Tigropus japonicus: Low variability and high reproducibility of repeated acute and life-cycle tests. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 632-636.

• Zhang, A.Q., Leung, K.M.Y.*, Bao, V.W.W., Kwok, K.W.H., Lam, M.H.W. (2008). Toxicities of Irgarol 1051 and its major degradation product to marine primary producers. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 575-586.

• Stauber, J.L.*, Binet, M., Bao, V.W.W., Boge, J., Zhang, A.Q., Leung, K.M.Y., Adams, M. (2008). Comparison of the QwikLite algal bioluminescence test with marine algal growth rate inhibition bioassays. Environmental Toxicology 23: 617-625.

• Kwok, K.W.H.*, Grist, E.P.M., Leung, K.M.Y. (2009). Acclimation effect and fitness cost of copper resistance in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72: 358-364.

  
  Ecological Risk Assessment & Ecotoxicological Modelling

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Wheeler, J.R., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2001). Endocrine disruption in fishes and invertebrates: Issues for saltwater ecological risk assessment. In: Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment, Newman, M.C., Roberts, Jr., M.H. & Hale, R.C. (eds.), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton. pp. 189-216.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Morritt, D., Wheeler, J., Whitehouse, P., Sorokin, N., Toy, R., Holt, M., Crane, M. (2001). Can saltwater toxicity be predicted from freshwater data? Marine Pollution Bulletin 42: 1007-1013.

• Wheeler, J.R.*, Leung, K.M.Y., Morritt, D., Whitehouse, P., Sorokin, N., Toy, R., Holt, M., Crane, M. (2002). Freshwater to saltwater toxicity extrapolation using species sensitivity distributions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21: 2459-2467.

• Grist, E.P.M.*, Leung, K.M.Y., Wheeler, J.R., Crane, M. (2002). Better bootstrap estimation of hazardous concentration thresholds for aquatic assemblages. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21: 1515-1524.

• Wheeler, J.R.*, Grist, E.P.M., Leung, K.M.Y., Morritt, D., Crane, M. (2002). Species sensitivity distribution: Data and model choice. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45: 192-202.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Lam, P.K.S. (2004). Marine ecological risk assessments are not straightforward! SETAC Globe 5(1):35-36.

• Leung, K.M.Y., Bjørgesæter, A., Gray, J.S., Li, W.K., Lui, G.C.S., Yuan, W., Lam, P.K.S.* (2005). Deriving sediment quality guidelines using field-based species sensitivity distributions. Environmental Science & Technology 39: 5148-5156.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Kwong, R.P.Y., Ng, W.C., Horiguchi, T., Qiu, J.W., Yang, R.Q., Song, M.Y., Jiang, G.B., Zheng, G.J., Lam, P.K.S. (2006). Ecological risk assessments of endocrine disrupting organotin compounds using marine neogastropods in Hong Kong. Chemosphere 65: 922-938.

• Kwok, K.W.H., Leung, K.M.Y.*, Lui, G.C.S., Chu, V.K.H., Lam, P.K.S., Morritt, D., Maltby, L., Brock, T.C.M., Van Den Brink, P.J., Warne, M.St.J., Crane, M. (2007). Comparison of tropical and temperate freshwater animal species' acute sensitivity to chemicals: implication for deriving safe extrapolation factor. SETAC/ Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 3: 49-67.

• Kwok, K.W.H.*, Bjørgesæter, A., Leung, K.M.Y., Lui, G.C.S., Gray, J.S., Shin, P.K.S, Lam, P.K.S. (2008). Deriving site-specific sediment quality guidelines for Hong Kong marine environments using field-based species sensitivity distributions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27: 226-234.

• Chan, K.M., Leung, K.M.Y., Cheung, K.C., Wong, M.H., Qiu, J.W.* (2008). Seasonal changes in imposex and tissue burden of butyltin compounds in Thais clavigera populations along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 645-651.

• Bao, V.W.W.*, Leung, K.M.Y.*, Kwok, K.W.H., Zhang, A.Q., Lui, G.C.S. (2008). Synergistic toxic effects of zinc pyrithione and copper to three marine species: implications on setting appropriate water quality criteria. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 616-623.

• Rhodes, J.R., Grist, E.P.M.*, Kwok, K.W.H., Leung, K.M.Y. (2008). A Bayesian mixture model for estimating inter-generation chronic toxicity. Environmental Science & Technology 42: 8108-8114.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Dudgeon, D. (2008). Ecological risk assessment and management of exotic organisms associated with aquaculture activities. In: Understanding and Applying Risk Analysis in Aquaculture, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 519, Bondad-Reantaso, M.G.; Arthur, J.R. & Subasinghe, R.P. (eds), FAO, Rome. pp. 67-100.

  
  Metallothioneins in Aquatic Invertebrates

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Furness, R.W. (1999). Induction of metallothionein in dogwhelk Nucella lapillus during and after exposure to cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 43: 156-164.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Furness, R.W. (1999). Effects of animal size on concentrations of metallothionein and metals in periwinkles Littorina littorea collected from the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39: 126-136.

• Leung, K.M.Y., Taylor, A.C., Furness, R.W.* (2000). Temperature-dependent physiological responses of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus to cadmium exposure. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 647-660.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Furness, R.W. (2001). Metallothionein induction and condition index of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus exposed to cadmium and hydrogen peroxide. Chemoshpere 44: 321-325.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Furness, R.W. (2001). Survival, growth, metallothionein and glycogen levels of Nucella lapillus (L.) exposed to sub-chronic cadmium stress: the influence of nutritional state and prey type. Marine Environmental Research 52: 173-194.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Morgan, I.J., Wu, R.S.S., Lau, T.C., Svavarsson, J., Furness, R.W. (2001). Growth rate as a factor confounding the use of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus as biomonitor of heavy metal contamination. Marine Ecology Progress Series 221: 145-159.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Svavarsson, J., Crane, M., Morritt, D. (2002). Influence of static and fluctuating salinity on cadmium uptake and metallothionein expression by the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 274: 175-189.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Ibrahim, H., Dewhurst, R.W., Morley, N.J., Crane, M., Lewis, J.W. (2003). Concentrations of metallothionein-like proteins and heavy metals in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to different levels of waterborne cadmium. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71: 1084-1090.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Dewhurst, R.W., Halldórsson, H., Svavarsson, J. (2005). Metallothioneins and trace metals in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.) collected from Icelandic coasts. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51: 729-737.

  
  Aquatic Ecology & Ecophysiology

• Leung, K.M.Y., Chu, J.C.W., Wu, R.S.S.* (1999). Effects of body weight, water temperature and ration size on ammonia excretion by areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus and mangrove snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Aquaculture 170: 215-227.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Chu, J.C.W., Wu, R.S.S. (1999). Interacting effects of water temperature and dietary protein levels on postprandial ammonia excretion by the areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forskal). Aquaculture Research 30: 793-798.

• Leung, K.M.Y., Chu, J.C.W., Wu, R.S.S.* (1999). Nitrogen budgets for the areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forskal) cultured under laboratory conditions and in open sea cages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 186: 271-281.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Chu, J.C.W., Wu, R.S.S. (2003). Reducing nitrogen pollution loading from fish farming by changing feeding practices: An example from Hong Kong. In: Perspectives on Marine Environmental Change in Hong Kong and Southern China, 1977-2001: Proceedings of an International Workshops Reunion Conference, 22-26 October 2001, Morton, B. (eds), Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. pp. 545-556.

• Lai, C.H., Tsui, J.C.Y., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2003). Distribution and demography of Stomatopoda in the subtidal marine environment of Hong Kong. In: Turning the Tides - A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Brian Morton, Shin, P.K.S. (eds), The Marine Biological Association of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. pp. 159-183.

• Lau, D.C.P., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2004). Feeding physiology of the carnivorous gastropod Thais clavigera (Kuster): Do they eat "soup"? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 312: 43-66.

• Lui, K.K.Y., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2004). Sand elimination by the asiatic hardclam Meretrix meretrix (L.): influences of temperature, salinity and season. Journal of Shellfish Research 23: 421-427.

• Williams, G.A.*, De Pirro, M., Leung, K.M.Y., Morritt, D. (2005). Physiological responses to heat stress on a tropical shore: the benefits of mushrooming behaviour in the limpet Cellana grate. Marine Ecology Progress Series 292: 213-224.

• Jung, S.O., Lee, Y.M., Park, T.J., Park, H.G., Leung, K.M.Y., Dahms, H.U., Lee, W., Lee, J.S.* (2006). The complete mitochondrial genome of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus sp. (Copepoda, Harpactidae) from Korea and phylogenetic considerations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 333: 251-262.

• Chan, B.K.K., Morritt, D., De Pirro, M., Leung, K.M.Y., Williams, G.A.* (2006). Summer mortality: effects on the distribution and abundance of the acorn barnacle Tetraclita japonica on tropical shores. Marine Ecology Progress Series 328: 195-204.

• Lui, K.K.Y., Ng, J.S.S., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2007). Spatio-temporal variations in diversity and abundance of commercially important Decapoda and Stomatopoda in subtropical Hong Kong waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 635-647.

• Morritt, D., Leung, K.M.Y., De Pirro, M., Yau, C., Wai, T.C., Williams, G.A.* (2007). Responses of the limpet, Cellana grata, to hypo-osmotic stress during simulated tropical, monsoon rains. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 352: 78-88.

• Wai, T.C.*, Ng, J.S.S., Leung, K.M.Y., Williams, G.A., Dudgeon, D. (2008). The source and fate of organic matter and the significance of detrital pathways in a tropical coastal ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography, 53(4): 1479-1492.

• Lau, D.C.P., Leung, K.M.Y., Dudgeon, D.* (2008). Experimental dietary manipulations for determining the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous food resources in tropical streams. Freshwater Biology 53: 139-141.

• Lau, D.C.P., Leung, K.M.Y., Dudgeon, D.* (2008). Experimental dietary manipulations and concurrent use of assimilation-based analyses for effective and accurate elucidation of consumer-resource relationships in tropical streams. Marine and Freshwater Research 59: 963-970.

• Marshall, D.J.*, Santos, J.H., Leung, K.M.Y., Chak, W.H. (2008). Correlations between gastropod shell dissolution and water chemical properties in a tropical estuary. Marine Environmental Research 66: 422-429.

• Lau, D.C.P., Leung, K.M.Y., Dudgeon, D.* (2009). What does stable isotope analysis reveal about food webs and trophic relationships in tropical streams? A synthetic study from Hong Kong. Freshwater Biology 54: 127-141.

• Ho, G.W.C., Leung, K.M.Y.*, Lajus, D., Ng, J.S.S., Chan, B.K.K. (2009). Fluctuating asymmetry of Amphibalanus (Balanus) amphitrite (Cirripedia: Thoracica) in association with shore height and metal pollution. Hydrobiologia 621: 21-32.

• Lau, D.C.P., Leung, K.M.Y., Dudgeon, D.* (2009). Evidence of rapid shifts in the trophic base of lotic predators using experimental dietary manipulations and assimilation-based analyses. Oecologia, doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1262-0.

  
  Environmental Quality Monitoring

• Jörundsdóttir, K., Svavarsson, J., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2005). Imposex levels in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.)- continuing improvement at high latitudes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51: 744-749.

• Wu, R.S.S.*, Lau, T.C., Ko, P.H., Fung, W.K.M., Leung, K.M.Y. (2007). An 'artificial mussel' for monitoring heavy metals in aquatic environments. Environmental Pollution 145: 104-110.

• Cornish, A.S., Ng, W.C., Ho, V.C.M., Wong, H.L., Lam, J.C.W., Lam, P.K.S., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2007). Trace metals and organochlorines in the bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum from the southern waters of Hong Kong, China. Science of the Total Environment 376: 335-345.

• Ng, J.S.S., Lui, K.K.Y., Lai, C.H., Leung, K.M.Y.* (2007). Harpiosquilla harpax (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) as a biomonitor for trace metal contamination in benthic sediments in Hong Kong waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54: 1523-1529.

• Leung, K.M.Y.*, Furness, R.W., Svavarsson, J., Lau, T.C., Wu, R.S.S. (2008). Field validation, in Scotland and Iceland, of the artificial mussel for monitoring trace metals in temperate seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57: 790-800.

  
  Others

• Lam, K.H., Tang C.F., Leung, K.M.Y., Tsang, V.W.H., Cheung, R.Y.H., Lam, M.H.W.* (2006). A study of the partitioning behaviours of Irgarol-1051 and its degradation products. Chemosphere 64: 1177-1184.

• Lui, G.C.S.*, Li, W.K., Leung, K.M.Y., Lee, J.H.W., Jayawardena, A.W. (2007). Modelling algal blooms using vector autoregressive model with exogeneous variables and long memory filter. Ecological Modelling 200: 130-138.

• Lam, K.H, Lei, N.Y., Tsang, V.W.H., Cai Z., Leung, K.M.Y., Lam, M.H.W.* (2009). A mechanistic study on the photodegradation of Irgarol-1051 in natural seawater. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58: 272-279.